You're in the right place for the timing scale. The scale would be either spot-welded to the cover, or a separate bracket held on with two bolts. There is usually a tiny hole through the "zero" line for reference. Sometimes the scale lines are not very deep and can easily be obscured by a little dirt or grease. Is yours clean and you still can't see any of the scale lines?
As for the dieseling, do you have the idle stop solenoid installed and is it working? It's on the left side of the carbs inside of the throttle linkage and works with the aft carb. The plunger extends when the ignition is on and retracts when the ignition is off making the throttle plates close completely to prevent dieseling. To properly set it, with ignition off, you should back the idle stop screw completely off making the throttle plates completely close. Then screw the idle stop screw in just a bit so that the throttle plates don't "stick" in the bores. Then start the engine and adjust the idle screw over the solenoid plunger to achieve the desired idle speed. With it set this way, when you turn the ignition off, power is removed from the solenoid and it should retract allowing the throttle plates to completely close thus preventing the dieseling and run on.