R/T = Road & Track.
Basically the grille, taillight section, engine power decreases as the years went on.
Different options were canned, stripes etc changed.
The 1971 Challenger was the last year for R/T's with the Challenger Rallye model taking over from this.
The main change was definitely the engine's of the cars, with the HEMI, 440-6bbl, 440-4bbl and other going and being replaced by the small block MoPars which in the later years were detuned themselves considerably.
There is more but that's just the basic rundown. Hopefully others will chip in with some more info.
Welcome to the board.