I agree, the flow directly from the alterator would be the best indicator of the voltage being produced.
If the voltage in the supply circuits behind the dash are measurably different from that at the alternator, you've got an electrical problem, likely one of:
1) undersized wires for the current flowing through them
2) corroded/dirty connectors
3) miswired components
4) frayed wires hanging on by a single strand
5) a short or near short somewhere
6) bad ground connection
You can track it down by measuring the voltage at various points in the circuit till you find the spot where it drops.