My '72 318/904 came with 2.76 gears in a 741 center. Great on the freeway, not so great off the line. I'd bet its an 8 3/4, but it could be either a 741 or 489 center. I'd guess its an "open" diff as well, no limited slip (if its a low optioned car).
As far as the overdrive goes, you'd either be looking at keisler or gear vendors for a bolt in type operation unless you go with a later A833 OD. Its the same dimensionally as the earlier 4 speeds, but has an overdrive 4th gear and an aluminum case. It requires a bunch of stuff to convert from auto to manual though, there's quite a few threads on here about it. Although its cheaper than going with Keisler or Gear Vendors, its still an involved process (I'm working on it myself right now)
Why do you want the OD? If you're looking at high rpm's on the freeway, the first thing I would do is find out the gear ratio in the back. My 2.76 gears are a piece of cake on the freeway, it'll cruise all day long at 80mph, so I'm guessing you have a different set out back. If I remember your car is in pretty good stock condition, so it should have a metal tab on one of the center section bolts on the rear end indicating what ratio is in it. If its a 3.55 or 3.91 it would be a lot easier and less expensive to swap in a different set of gears...Also, the OD gear would really only be helpful on the freeway, just driving around town you wouldn't be real likely to use it much.